A time to improve or expand coverage or scope of your wifi network is necessary to take into account many factors. Whether you want to link two distant points for miles, as if they want to increase the radiated energy level and increase coverage of several hundred meters or if you want to provide coverage in a given sector should be appropriately chosen type antenna and materials to use.
The type of antenna to use certain features, in terms of coverage of the facility, not an antenna can be measured by "how many meters or kilometers reaches" is wrong measured antenna gain is expressed in dB or dBi, the angles of radiation from the antenna, also determine its radiation characteristics in both planes, vertical and horizontal.
The antenna is a fundamental part of system performance or "reaching distance" depends on many factors among them: his own gain and beam angles, power transmission ap or router, reception sensitivity, distance and altitude differences between transmitters and receivers, environmental conditions, loss of signal cables and connectors, physical barriers, external interference electromagnetic radiation produced as motors, microwave, etc.
In the pictures below you can see 3D simulations of radiation of different types of antennas.
parabolic reflector antenna, 29 dBi gain, narrow beam aperture 6 º.
Ideal for point to point
several kms
Sector Antenna, 16 dBi gain, beam 180 ° opening
omnidirectional antenna, 9 dBi gain beam opening 360 º
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